Ionosfera is a constellation of four ionospheric and magnetospheric research satellites developed by for Roscosmos for the project Ionozond.
The satellites will operate on circular sun-synchronous orbits (SSO), at altitude of about 800 km and located in two orbital planes of two satellites each.
The following science instruments are carried on the satellites:
* SPER/1 Plasma and energy radiation spectrometer
* SG/1 Gamma-ray spectrometer
* GALS/1 Galactic cosmic ray spectrometer / 1
* LAERTES On-board Ionosonde
* NBK/2 Low-frequency wave complex
* ESEP Ionospheric plasma energy spectrometer
* Ozonometer-TM Ozonometer
* MayaK On-board radio transmitters
* PES GPS-GLONASS device
Soyuz-2, GRAU index 14A14, is the collective designation for the 21st-century version of the Russian Soyuz rocket. In its basic form, it is a three-stage carrier rocket for placing payloads into low Earth orbit. The first-stage boosters and two core stages feature uprated engines with improved injection systems, compared to the previous versions of the Soyuz. Digital flight control and telemetry systems allow the rocket to be launched from a fixed launch platform, whereas the launch platforms for earlier Soyuz rockets had to be rotated as the rocket could not perform a roll to change its heading in flight.
