← ALL LANDERS
LANDING SITEVenus surface (night side)
LAT-5.00°
LON-9.00°
VENUS
Dec 15, 1970
LANDING DATE
1970
23 minutes on surface
MISSION DURATION
TOTAL
475 C (measured)
SURFACE TEMP
AT LANDING SITE
500
KG
MASS
3
INSTRUMENTS
SCIENTIFIC PAYLOAD
Venera 7 is a lander mission by NPO Lavochkin on Venus. Landed December 15, 1970. Landing site: Venus surface (night side).
ABOUT VENERA 7
Venera 7 was the first spacecraft to successfully land on another planet and transmit data back to Earth. After a parachute descent through Venus’s crushing atmosphere, it reached the surface on December 15, 1970, and transmitted temperature data for 23 minutes. The probe measured a surface temperature of 475 degrees Celsius and pressure of about 90 atmospheres, confirming that Venus’s surface is the hottest in the solar system due to a runaway greenhouse effect.
KEY DISCOVERIES
- Surface temperature: 475 C (confirmed greenhouse models)
- Surface pressure: approximately 90 atmospheres
- First direct measurement of conditions on another planet surface
- Proved Venus surface exploration was possible
TECHNOLOGY & FIRSTS
- First spacecraft to successfully transmit data from Venus surface
- First successful landing on another planet
- Pressure vessel designed for 180 atm (Venus surface: 92 atm)
- Parachute descent through Venus atmosphere
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (3)
Temperature sensor
Pressure sensor
Radio altimeter
SPACECRAFT SPECIFICATIONS
Mass500 kg (1,103 lbs)
PowerBattery
CommunicationsRadio transmitter to Earth
Design Life30 minutes on surface
Landing DateDecember 15, 1970
Mission EndDecember 15, 1970
ProgramVenera
SURFACE DATA
Surface Temperature475 C (measured)
Surface Pressure90 atm (measured)
OTHER VENUS LANDERS
🚀 LAUNCH MISSION