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Soyuz (Vehicle Lineage)

LAUNCH VEHICLE
1966–PresentACTIVE PERIOD
Roscosmos / RSC EnergiaAGENCY
160FLIGHTS
97%SUCCESS RATE
RussiaCOUNTRY
ABOUT SOYUZ (VEHICLE LINEAGE)

The Soyuz spacecraft family is the longest-serving crewed vehicle in spaceflight history, flying continuously since 1967. Evolved through multiple variants (Soyuz 7K-OK, T, TM, TMA, MS), it has served as the primary crew transport to the ISS and was the sole means of crewed access to the station from 2011 to 2020.

NOTABLE MISSIONS
🚀 Soyuz 1 u2013 First flight (fatal)
🚀 Soyuz 11 u2013 Salyut 1 crew (fatal)
🚀 Soyuz 19 u2013 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
🚀 Soyuz TMA-1 u2013 First TMA
LEGACY & LASTING IMPACT
Most flown crewed spacecraft, backbone of ISS operations for decades
PROGRAM DETAILS
CategoryLaunch Vehicle
EraMulti-era
AgencyRoscosmos / RSC Energia
CountryRussia
Start Date1966-11-28
Total Flights160
Success Rate97%
SuccessorOrel (Eagle)
PROGRAM COST
Original CostOngoing
Inflation-Adjusted~$80M per seat (2020)
KEY FIGURES
  • 👤 Sergei Korolev
  • 👤 Vasily Mishin
  • 👤 Vladimir Komarov
TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED
  • ⚙ Soyuz rocket family
  • ⚙ Orbital module
  • ⚙ Descent module
  • ⚙ KURS docking system